The name Aksel has its origins in the Old Norse language, tracing back to the medieval period in Scandinavia. It is derived from the Old Norse name Áskell, which combines the elements "áss" meaning "god" and "ketill" meaning "cauldron" or "helmet." The name's meaning is often interpreted as "God's helmet" or "God's cauldron," reflecting the Norse mythology and the importance of protective headgear in Viking culture.

In the 10th century, the name Aksel appeared in Icelandic sagas and historical records, indicating its early usage among the Norse people. One of the earliest recorded individuals with this name was Áskell Eiríksson, a chieftain and lawspeaker in Iceland during the 11th century.

Throughout the Middle Ages, the name Aksel was particularly popular in Scandinavian countries, with numerous historical figures bearing this name. One notable example is Aksel Throndsson (1130-1193), a Norwegian nobleman and military leader who played a crucial role in the civil wars of Norway during the 12th century.

In the 16th century, the name Aksel gained popularity in Denmark, where it was recorded in various official documents and records. One notable figure was Aksel Gyldenløve (1605-1676), a Danish nobleman and military commander who served as the Governor-General of Norway.

As the name spread across Europe, it took on different spellings and variations in different languages. In Germany, the name was adapted as Axel, while in France it became Achille, both derived from the same Old Norse roots.

Other historical figures with the name Aksel include Aksel Larsen (1870-1957), a Norwegian shipping magnate and one of the wealthiest individuals in Norway during the early 20th century, and Aksel Sandemose (1899-1965), a Danish-Norwegian novelist and playwright known for his critical portrayal of small-town life in Norway.

Despite its Scandinavian origins, the name Aksel has been adopted and used in various cultural contexts, with individuals bearing this name leaving their mark in various fields, including literature, business, and military leadership.