The name Alberto has its origins in the Germanic language, being derived from the Old High German name Adalbert. It is composed of the elements "adal," meaning noble, and "beraht," meaning bright or shining. The name gained popularity in medieval Europe, particularly in regions with Teutonic influences.

Alberto first appeared in written form in the 8th century, recorded in Frankish and Carolingian chronicles. One of the earliest known bearers of the name was Saint Adalbert of Prague, a Bohemian missionary and martyr who lived from around 956 to 997. His efforts to convert the pagan Prussians to Christianity ultimately led to his death at their hands.

During the Middle Ages, the name Alberto was widely used across Europe, particularly in Italy, where it became a popular variant of the original German form. Notable historical figures with this name include Alberto da Gandino (c. 1265-1310), an Italian jurist and legal scholar, and Alberto Magno (c. 1200-1280), a Dominican friar and philosopher known for his extensive writings on natural science.

In the Renaissance period, the name Alberto gained further prominence. One of the most famous bearers was Alberto Durero (1471-1528), the German painter, printmaker, and theorist, whose works were highly influential in the development of Renaissance art. Another notable figure was Alberto de' Pazzi (1442-1508), an Italian banker and politician who played a pivotal role in the Pazzi conspiracy against the Medici family in Florence.

As the name spread across Europe, it took on various spellings and forms in different languages. In Spain, for example, it became Alberto, while in Portugal it was rendered as Alberto. The name also gained popularity in Latin America, where it was adopted by numerous historical figures, such as Alberto Larraguibel (1865-1922), a Chilean politician and diplomat, and Alberto Naranjo (1905-1983), a Mexican artist known for his vibrant murals and paintings.