The name Alexander has its origins in the Greek language, deriving from the word "Alexandros" which means "defender of men" or "protector of men". The name dates back to ancient times, with its earliest known use recorded in classical Greek literature and historical accounts from the 4th century BC.

Alexander was a name borne by several notable figures in ancient Greek history, the most famous being Alexander the Great (356 BC – 323 BC), the legendary Macedonian king who conquered much of the known world in his time. His military campaigns and empire-building efforts played a significant role in the spread and popularity of the name across various regions.

In the Bible, Alexander is mentioned as the name of a Jewish leader and high priest from the 1st century AD, as recorded in the Acts of the Apostles. This early association with religious texts and figures likely contributed to the name's acceptance and usage among different cultures and faiths.

During the Middle Ages, the name Alexander remained popular in various European regions, particularly in the Byzantine Empire and among the nobility. Several notable historical figures carried this name, including Alexander Nevsky (1220 – 1263), the revered Russian prince and military leader who played a crucial role in defending Novgorod against Swedish and Teutonic invasions.

In the Renaissance period, the name gained further prominence with individuals like Alexander VI (1431 – 1503), the controversial Pope who was instrumental in the political and cultural affairs of the time. Another notable figure was Alexander Hamilton (1755 – 1804), one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and the first Secretary of the Treasury.

Other famous individuals named Alexander throughout history include Alexander Pushkin (1799 – 1837), the acclaimed Russian poet and writer often referred to as the father of modern Russian literature, and Alexander Graham Bell (1847 – 1922), the Scottish-born scientist and inventor credited with patenting the first practical telephone.