The name Angelika is derived from the Greek word "angelos" meaning "messenger" or "angel." It is a feminine form of the name Angelus, which was the Latin translation of the Greek word. The name has its roots in early Christianity and was popular among the Greeks and Romans during the early years of the Christian era.

The name Angelika first appeared in written records during the Middle Ages, particularly in Eastern Europe and parts of Western Europe. It was a popular name among the nobility and aristocracy in many countries, including Germany, Poland, and Russia. One of the earliest recorded individuals with the name Angelika was Angelika von Isenburg-Büdingen, a German noblewoman who lived in the 15th century.

In the 16th century, the name Angelika gained popularity in Italy, where it was often associated with the Italian Renaissance painter Angelica Kauffmann (1741-1807). Kauffmann was a renowned artist who was a founding member of the Royal Academy of Arts in London, and her paintings are found in many of the world's most prestigious museums.

The name Angelika has also been associated with several notable historical figures throughout the centuries. One such figure was Angelika Merici (1474-1540), an Italian religious leader who founded the Order of Ursulines, a Roman Catholic religious institute dedicated to the education of girls.

Another famous Angelika was Angelika Catalani (1779-1849), an Italian opera singer who was considered one of the greatest vocalists of her time. She was renowned for her exceptional vocal range and was a celebrated performer in many of the major opera houses of Europe.

In the 20th century, the name Angelika gained popularity in various parts of the world, including Russia, where it was associated with Angelika Balabanova (1878-1965), a prominent Bolshevik revolutionary and politician who played a significant role in the early years of the Soviet Union.

Other notable individuals with the name Angelika include Angelika Ertl (born 1983), an Austrian Olympic skier who won a gold medal in the 2010 Winter Olympics, and Angelika Kauffmann (1741-1807), a Swiss-born Austrian Neoclassical painter who had a successful career in London and Rome.