The name Angeline has its origins in the Late Latin name Angelina, which was a feminine form derived from the Latin word angelus, meaning "angel" or "messenger of God." This name first emerged during the early Christian era, likely around the 4th or 5th century AD, as a way to honor the spiritual beings described in various religious texts.

The earliest recorded examples of the name Angeline can be traced back to medieval Europe, particularly in regions with strong Christian traditions. In France, for instance, there are records of women named Angeline as early as the 12th century. One notable figure from this era was Angeline of Marsciano, an Italian nun who lived from around 1192 to 1435 and founded the Order of the Franciscan Tertiary Sisters.

During the Renaissance period, the name Angeline gained further popularity, particularly in Italy and other parts of Europe influenced by the Italian culture. In 1472, Angeline of Corbara was born in the Republic of Genoa (present-day Italy). She later became a Catholic saint, renowned for her piety and charitable works.

As the name spread across Europe, it also found its way into various literary works and historical records. In the 16th century, Angeline de La Batut, a French noblewoman and writer, was born in 1531. Her works, though not widely known today, were influential in her time.

In the 19th century, the name Angeline gained prominence in English-speaking countries, particularly in the United States and Britain. One notable figure was Angeline Townsend, an American author and educator born in 1832. She was a pioneer in the field of kindergarten education and wrote several books on the subject.

Another influential figure was Angeline Massingale, an African American woman born into slavery in 1811. She became a successful businesswoman and philanthropist in the post-Civil War era, establishing one of the first orphanages for Black children in Virginia.

Throughout history, the name Angeline has been borne by various other notable individuals, including Angeline Nalikka, a Ugandan educator and activist born in 1944, and Angeline Murimirwa, a Zimbabwean politician and activist born in 1964. These examples showcase the enduring appeal and cultural significance of this name across different regions and time periods.