The name Antoine is of French origin, derived from the Roman name Antonius. It traces its roots back to the ancient Roman family name Antonii, which may have its origins in the Umbrian town of Antinum. The name Antonius was borne by several notable figures in Roman history, including the general Marcus Antonius, who was part of the Second Triumvirate alongside Octavian and Lepidus.

Antoine gained popularity during the Middle Ages, particularly in France. It was the name of several French kings and nobles, including Antoine of Navarre (1518-1562), who was the father of King Henry IV of France. Another notable bearer of the name was Antoine Arnauld (1612-1694), a French theologian and philosopher who was a prominent figure in the Jansenist movement.

During the Renaissance, Antoine became a popular name among artists and intellectuals. Antoine Watteau (1684-1721) was a renowned French painter known for his fêtes galantes and bucolic scenes. Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794), often referred to as the "father of modern chemistry," made significant contributions to the field, including the discovery of the role of oxygen in combustion.

In literature, Antoine Félix Blanc (1795-1860) was a French novelist and playwright who wrote under the pen name Adolphe Blanc. His works explored themes of social and political commentary during the turbulent times of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic era.

The name also has a notable presence in the world of music. Antoine Dominique Domino Jr. (1928-2017), better known as Fats Domino, was a legendary American pianist and singer-songwriter who helped popularize rock and roll music in the 1950s and 1960s.

Other notable figures include Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794), a French nobleman and chemist who is widely regarded as the father of modern chemistry; Antoine de Saint-Exupéry (1900-1944), a French writer, poet, and pioneering aviator best known for his novella "The Little Prince"; and Antoine Fuqua (born 1966), an American film director and producer known for his work on films such as "Training Day" and "The Equalizer."