The name Arlen originated from the Old English word "ærn," which means "dwelling" or "house." This name first appeared in the 8th century AD in England and was primarily used as a surname before becoming a given name.

During the Middle Ages, the name was primarily found in regions of England and Scotland, where it was commonly spelled as "Arlene" or "Arlyne." The earliest recorded instance of the name Arlen dates back to the Domesday Book, a survey commissioned by William the Conqueror in 1086, where it was listed as a surname.

In the 14th century, the name Arlen appeared in the works of Geoffrey Chaucer, the famous English poet and author. Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales" includes a character named "Arlen of Bukton," which suggests the name was in use during that time period.

One of the earliest recorded individuals with the given name Arlen was Arlen Fierson, a Scottish merchant and trader who lived in the late 15th century. Another notable figure was Arlen Fairchild, an English soldier who fought in the War of the Roses (1455-1487).

In the 16th century, the name gained popularity among Puritans in England and was sometimes used as a variation of the name "Arlene." One of the most well-known individuals with this name was Arlen Dyer, an English Protestant reformer and writer who lived from 1530 to 1594.

During the 17th and 18th centuries, the name Arlen spread to other parts of Europe and North America, where it was adopted by various communities. One notable figure from this period was Arlen Witherspoon, an American Revolutionary War soldier who fought alongside George Washington (1732-1794).

In the 19th century, the name Arlen saw a resurgence in popularity, particularly in the United States. One of the most famous individuals with this name was Arlen Sackler, an American philanthropist and entrepreneur who co-founded Purdue Pharma (1915-2010).

Another notable figure from this era was Arlen Tatum, an American jazz pianist and composer widely regarded as one of the greatest virtuosos of his time (1909-1956).