The name Artemis has its roots in ancient Greek mythology and culture, dating back to the 8th century BC. It is derived from the Greek word "artemis," meaning "safe" or "unharmed." The name is associated with Artemis, the Greek goddess of the hunt, wilderness, and childbirth.

Artemis was one of the most revered deities in ancient Greece, and her name appears frequently in Greek literature and texts, including the works of Homer and Hesiod. She was often portrayed as a skilled archer and a protector of young girls, and her temples were scattered throughout the Greek world.

One of the earliest recorded instances of the name Artemis is in the Iliad, an epic poem composed by Homer around the 8th century BC. The poem mentions Artemis as the daughter of Zeus and Leto, and the twin sister of Apollo.

Throughout history, several notable women have borne the name Artemis. One of the most famous was Artemisia I of Caria (fl. 480 BC), a skilled naval commander and queen who fought alongside the Persians during the Greco-Persian Wars. Another was Artemisia II of Caria (fl. 350 BC), a naval commander and successor to Artemisia I.

In the Renaissance period, Artemis became a popular name among European nobility. Artemisia Gentileschi (1593-1653) was an Italian Baroque painter, widely regarded as one of the most accomplished painters of her time.

The name Artemis also appears in Greek mythology and literature. In Euripides' play "Iphigenia in Aulis" (c. 405 BC), Artemis plays a central role in the story of Iphigenia's sacrifice and subsequent rescue.

Other notable women named Artemis include Artemis Cooper (born 1953), a British writer and historian; Artemis Fowl, the fictional protagonist of the series of novels by Eoin Colfer; and Artemis Entreri, a fictional character from the Forgotten Realms campaign setting of the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game.