The name Bernadine has its origins in the French language and culture. It is a feminine form of the masculine name Bernard, which is derived from the Germanic elements "bern" meaning "bear" and "hard" meaning "brave" or "hardy". The name gained popularity during the Middle Ages, particularly in regions with significant French influence.

The earliest recorded use of the name Bernadine can be traced back to the 12th century. One of the earliest notable figures with this name was Saint Bernadine of Siena, an Italian priest and Franciscan missionary who lived from 1380 to 1444. He played a significant role in the Catholic Church's efforts to reform the clergy and promote devotion to the Holy Name of Jesus.

Another historical figure named Bernadine was Bernadine of Feltre, an Italian Franciscan friar who lived from 1439 to 1494. He was known for his preaching and charitable works, particularly in the establishment of montes pietatis, which were charitable pawnbroking organizations aimed at helping the poor without charging excessive interest rates.

In the 16th century, Bernadine de Mendoza (1508-1557) was a Spanish noblewoman and diplomat who served as a lady-in-waiting to Queen Mary I of England. She played a significant role in diplomatic affairs and was known for her intelligence and political acumen.

During the 17th century, Bernadine Baldi (1553-1617) was an Italian mathematician and humanist scholar. She made significant contributions to the study of mathematics and was one of the first women to be recognized for her scholarly achievements in this field.

In more recent history, Bernadine Dohrn (born 1942) was an American activist and leader of the Weather Underground, a radical left-wing organization active in the late 1960s and 1970s. She was involved in various protests and political activities during the civil rights and anti-war movements.