The given name Bess is a diminutive form of the name Elizabeth, which is derived from the Hebrew name Elisheva, meaning "God is my oath." The name Bess emerged in the Middle Ages, particularly in England, as a shortened version of Elizabeth.

The earliest recorded use of the name Bess can be traced back to the 13th century in England. It was a popular nickname for women named Elizabeth, especially among the lower classes and rural communities. The name gained prominence during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England (1533-1603), who was often affectionately referred to as "Good Queen Bess."

One of the most famous bearers of the name Bess in history was Bess of Hardwick (1527-1608), a wealthy English noblewoman and a prominent figure in the Elizabethan era. She was known for her ambitious nature and her impressive collection of properties, including the iconic Hardwick Hall.

Another notable Bess was Bess Truman (1885-1982), the wife of President Harry S. Truman. She was known for her informal and down-to-earth manner, which endeared her to the American public during her husband's presidency.

In literature, one of the most famous characters named Bess is Bess Bridgenorth from Sir Walter Scott's novel "Peveril of the Peak" (1823). She is a strong-willed and independent woman who defies societal conventions and fights for her love.

Other notable historical figures with the name Bess include Bess Myerson (1924-2014), an American model and politician who became the first Jewish Miss America in 1945, and Bess Streeter Aldrich (1881-1954), an American author and novelist known for her writings about life on the prairie.

Throughout its history, the name Bess has been associated with qualities such as strength, resilience, and a spirited nature, reflecting the character of many of its notable bearers.