Bridget is a feminine given name derived from the Irish Gaelic name Brighid, which itself comes from the Old Celtic word "Brig" meaning "the exalted one." The name has its origins in ancient Celtic mythology, where Brighid (or Brigid) was the name of a revered Irish goddess associated with spring, fertility, healing, and poetry.

The name gained popularity in the early Christian era, when St. Brigid, an Irish nun and abbess who lived in the 5th century, became one of the most revered saints in Ireland. St. Brigid is celebrated on February 1st, which coincides with the ancient Celtic festival of Imbolc, dedicated to the goddess Brighid.

The earliest recorded use of the name Bridget dates back to the 12th century, when it appeared in Irish records. It was particularly popular in Ireland and Scotland but also found its way to other parts of Europe and beyond.

One of the most famous historical figures named Bridget was St. Bridget of Sweden (c. 1303-1373), a mystic and founder of the Bridgettine Order of nuns. Another notable Bridget was Bridget Bishop (c. 1632-1692), who was the first person executed during the Salem Witch Trials in colonial Massachusetts.

In literature, the name appears in William Shakespeare's play "King Lear," where one of the characters is named Bridget. In Irish folklore, Bridget is often depicted as a midwife, healer, and protector of women and children.

Other notable historical figures with the name Bridget include Bridget Driscoll (c. 1865-1896), who is recognized as one of the first pedestrians killed in a motor vehicle accident in the United Kingdom, and Bridget Riley (born 1931), a renowned British artist known for her Op Art paintings.