The name Brigid has its origins in the Celtic languages, particularly Irish. It is derived from the Old Irish word "brig," meaning "exalted" or "high." The name is also associated with the Irish goddess Brigid, the Celtic goddess of fire, poetry, healing, and fertility.

The earliest known historical reference to the name Brigid can be found in the 5th century, when Saint Brigid of Kildare, one of Ireland's patron saints, lived. She was born around 450 AD in County Louth, Ireland, and founded several monasteries, including the famous Kildare Abbey.

In the 6th century, the name Brigid appears in the Book of Leinster, an important medieval Irish manuscript. It records the name of a woman named Brigid ingen Chonmide, who was a poet and scholar.

During the Middle Ages, the name Brigid was popular among Irish nobility and the monastic orders. One notable bearer was Brigid of Sweden, a 14th-century Swedish princess and abbess who was born around 1303 and died in 1373.

In the 16th century, the name Brigid was carried by Brigid Fitzgerald, the second wife of Ireland's famous rebel leader, Gráinne Ní Mháille (Grace O'Malley). Brigid Fitzgerald was born around 1516 and played a significant role in her husband's military campaigns.

Another famous bearer of the name was Brigid of Fiesole, an Irish-born nun who lived in Italy in the 15th century. She was born around 1468 and is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church.

In the 20th century, the name Brigid gained popularity outside of Ireland, particularly in the United States and other English-speaking countries. One notable bearer was American author Brigid Antonia Brophy, who was born in 1929 and wrote several novels and works of literary criticism.