The name Camilla has its origins in the ancient Latin language. It is derived from the word camillus, which referred to a youth who assisted priests during religious ceremonies. The name likely arose in ancient Rome, where it was associated with servitude or attendants of the priestly class.

One of the earliest known references to the name Camilla comes from Virgil's Aeneid, an epic poem dating back to around 19 BC. In the poem, Camilla is a fierce warrior maiden who fights alongside the forces of Turnus against Aeneas. Her portrayal as a skilled huntress and fighter was quite unusual for women of that era.

During the Middle Ages, the name Camilla remained relatively uncommon but was occasionally used among the nobility and upper classes. One notable bearer of the name was Camilla Faà, an Italian noblewoman born in the late 16th century, who was known for her poetry and literary works.

In the 17th century, the name gained some popularity in England, particularly among the aristocracy. One famous Camilla was Camilla Colville (1601-1671), an English courtier and lady-in-waiting to Queen Henrietta Maria.

The 18th century saw the rise of Camilla Luigia Dufour Crosland (1812-1895), an Italian-born English author and translator who was instrumental in introducing the works of Italian writers to English audiences.

Another notable bearer of the name was Camilla Ravera (1889-1988), an Italian communist activist and politician who played a significant role in the resistance against fascism during World War II.

In more recent times, the name Camilla has been associated with Camilla Parker Bowles (born 1947), the second wife of King Charles III of the United Kingdom. Her public profile has likely contributed to the name's renewed popularity in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.