The name Catarino is derived from the Latin name Caterinus, which itself is derived from the Latin word "caterina," meaning "chain." The name Caterinus was originally a surname given to those who worked with chains or were involved in the chain-making industry.

The earliest recorded use of the name Catarino can be traced back to Italy in the late Middle Ages, particularly in the regions of Tuscany and Umbria. It was a relatively common name among artisans and tradesmen during this period.

One of the earliest known historical figures with the name Catarino was Catarino Zeno (1336-1418), a Venetian explorer and navigator who is credited with rediscovering the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic Ocean. His travel accounts, known as the "Zeno Narrative," provided valuable information about the geography and culture of the region.

Another notable figure was Catarino Garza (1859-1895), a Mexican revolutionary and leader of the Catorce Uprising against the government of Porfirio Díaz in the late 19th century. He was eventually captured and executed for his role in the rebellion.

In the realm of art, Catarino Veneziano (fl. 1530-1550) was an Italian Renaissance painter and engraver who worked in Venice and is known for his religious paintings and engravings.

Catarino Ribeiro de Sousa (1530-1597) was a Portuguese Catholic priest and theologian who played a significant role in the Counter-Reformation and the Council of Trent. He was known for his writings on theology and his efforts to reform the Catholic Church.

Catarino Tendilla (1600-1675) was a Spanish painter and architect who worked in the Baroque style. He is best known for his paintings and frescoes in various churches and palaces in Madrid and Seville.

While the name Catarino has its roots in Italy and was widespread in the Mediterranean region during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, it has also been adopted in other cultures and languages over time, particularly in Spanish-speaking countries.