The name Coleson originates from the Old English language, which was spoken by the Anglo-Saxons in Britain during the early medieval period, from around the 5th to the 11th centuries. It is derived from the Old English words "col" meaning "coal" and "sunu" meaning "son," suggesting that the name may have originally referred to someone who worked with coal or lived near a coal mine.

One of the earliest recorded instances of the name Coleson can be found in the Domesday Book, a comprehensive survey of landholdings and population in England commissioned by William the Conqueror in 1086. The name is mentioned as a variant spelling of the more common "Colson," which was relatively widespread in parts of Lincolnshire and Yorkshire.

Throughout the Middle Ages, the name Coleson remained relatively obscure, appearing sporadically in various historical documents and parish records. One notable bearer of the name was Coleson de Wylughby, a 14th-century landowner from Nottinghamshire whose name is recorded in the Calendar of Patent Rolls from 1343.

As the centuries progressed, the name Coleson gradually evolved in spelling and pronunciation, with variants such as "Collesone," "Collisoun," and "Collison" appearing in various parts of England. One of the earliest recorded individuals with the modern spelling of "Coleson" was John Coleson, a merchant from Bristol who is mentioned in the city's trade records from the late 16th century.

During the 17th and 18th centuries, several noteworthy individuals bore the name Coleson. Among them was Richard Coleson (1640-1718), a prominent Quaker minister and writer from Westmoreland, whose works on religious topics were widely read during his lifetime. Another notable bearer of the name was William Coleson (1702-1783), a English architect and surveyor who designed several churches and public buildings in London.

In the 19th century, the name Coleson remained relatively uncommon, but a few individuals of note carried it. These include Henry Coleson (1821-1892), a British explorer and naturalist who conducted extensive travels in Africa and wrote several books about his adventures, and James Coleson (1854-1914), an American businessman and philanthropist who founded the Coleson Foundation, which supported educational initiatives in his home state of Pennsylvania.

While never achieving widespread popularity, the name Coleson has persisted throughout history, carried by individuals from various walks of life. Its origins rooted in the Old English language and its association with the coal industry provide a unique glimpse into the cultural and occupational traditions of the Anglo-Saxon world.