The name Cortland has its origins in the Old English language, derived from the words "cort" meaning "court" and "land" meaning "land" or "estate." It was initially used as a surname in England during the medieval period, referring to someone who lived near or worked on a courtly estate.

In the late 16th century, the name Cortland began to be used as a given name, particularly among the English gentry and aristocracy. Its connection to the courtly life and landowning class made it a desirable name for parents who wanted to convey a sense of prestige and status.

One of the earliest recorded instances of Cortland as a first name can be found in the parish records of St. Mary's Church, Whitby, in Yorkshire, England, where a Cortland Smythe was baptized in 1598. Another notable early bearer of the name was Sir Cortland Whittington, a prominent English merchant and politician who served as Lord Mayor of London in the 17th century.

Throughout history, several notable individuals have borne the name Cortland. These include Cortland Van Rensselaer (1808-1860), an American politician and member of the prominent Van Rensselaer family of New York. Cortland Skinner (1865-1934) was an American lawyer and author who served as the United States Assistant Attorney General during the Woodrow Wilson administration.

In the field of literature, Cortland Fitzsimmons (1886-1959) was an American poet and writer known for his works celebrating rural life and nature. Cortland Van Camp (1921-1994) was an American actor and playwright who appeared in numerous films and television shows throughout his career.

Another notable figure was Cortland Puddington (1932-2008), an American human rights activist and scholar who served as the executive director of Freedom House, a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting democracy and freedom worldwide.

While the name Cortland was historically more prevalent in England and the United States, it has also been used in other English-speaking countries, though with varying degrees of popularity. Its unique blend of courtly and landed connotations has made it a distinctive choice for parents seeking a name with a sense of history and tradition.