The name Elaine has its roots in the ancient Greek language, where it originated as a variation of the name Helena. The name Helena itself is derived from the Greek word "helene," meaning "bright one" or "shining light." Elaine gained popularity as a distinct name during the Middle Ages, particularly in France and Britain.

In the medieval French epic poem "The Matter of Britain," which recounts the legends of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table, Elaine is a prominent character. She is portrayed as the daughter of King Pelles and falls deeply in love with Sir Lancelot. This literary work played a significant role in popularizing the name Elaine across Europe.

One of the earliest recorded mentions of the name Elaine can be found in the 12th-century work "The Lais of Marie de France," a collection of narrative poems written by the French poet Marie de France. In one of the lais, titled "The Lay of Eliduc," the name Elaine is used for a character who is the wife of a Breton knight.

Throughout history, several notable figures have borne the name Elaine. One of the most famous was Elaine de Lessenden (c. 1285–1332), an English noblewoman who was the mistress of King Edward II of England. Another was Elaine Goodale Eastman (1863–1953), an American poet and activist known for her work with Native American communities.

In the world of literature, Elaine Dundy (1921–2008) was a renowned American novelist and biographer, best known for her satirical novel "The Dud Avocado." Elaine Tanner (1920–1985) was an American soprano who had a successful career in opera and on Broadway.

In the realm of politics, Elaine L. Chao (born 1953) served as the 24th United States Secretary of Labor under President George W. Bush and the 18th United States Secretary of Transportation under President Donald Trump. She was the first Asian American woman to be appointed to a President's Cabinet in American history.

These are just a few examples of the many notable individuals who have carried the name Elaine throughout history, each leaving their mark in their respective fields and contributing to the rich tapestry of the name's legacy.