The name Elizabeth has its origins in the Hebrew language and culture, derived from the biblical name Elisheva. The name Elisheva is itself derived from the Hebrew words "el" meaning "God" and "shava" meaning "oath" or "fullness," suggesting a meaning along the lines of "God is my oath" or "God's promise."

The name Elizabeth first appeared in the biblical Book of Exodus, referring to the wife of Aaron, the brother of Moses. This early usage of the name dates back to around the 13th century BCE. The Greek form of the name, "Elisabet," is found in the New Testament, where it refers to the mother of John the Baptist.

As Christianity spread across Europe, the name Elizabeth gained popularity, particularly after the 12th century. One of the earliest recorded examples of the name is Saint Elizabeth of Hungary (1207-1231), a princess renowned for her charitable works and later canonized as a Catholic saint.

Another notable Elizabeth from history is Elizabeth I (1533-1603), the Queen of England and Ireland from 1558 until her death. Her reign, known as the Elizabethan era, was a golden age for English art, literature, and exploration.

In the 19th century, Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-1861) was an English poet whose work, including the famous "Sonnets from the Portuguese," cemented her place in literary history. Around the same time, Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815-1902) was a prominent figure in the early women's rights movement in the United States.

A more recent example is Queen Elizabeth II (1926-2022), the longest-reigning British monarch, who served as the head of state for the United Kingdom and several other Commonwealth realms from 1952 until her death in 2022.

Throughout history, the name Elizabeth has been favored by royalty, with numerous queens, princesses, and other members of noble families bearing the name. Its enduring popularity can be attributed to its biblical roots, its association with influential figures, and its pleasant sound and spelling.