The name Isaiah originates from the Hebrew language and culture. It has been in use since ancient times, derived from the Hebrew words "yesha'yahu" or "ysha'yah," which translate to "Yahweh is salvation" or "the Lord is salvation."

The name is most closely associated with the biblical prophet Isaiah, who lived during the 8th century BCE in the ancient Kingdom of Judah. The Book of Isaiah, found in the Old Testament, contains the prophecies and teachings attributed to him. This text has played a significant role in both Judaism and Christianity, contributing to the widespread use and recognition of the name.

One of the earliest recorded individuals named Isaiah was the biblical prophet himself, whose ministry and writings significantly influenced the religious and cultural landscape of the ancient Near East. Another notable figure was Isaiah ben Abba, a Jewish scholar who lived in the 4th century CE and authored a well-known commentary on the Book of Leviticus.

Throughout history, the name Isaiah has been borne by various individuals of note, including Isaiah Thomas (1749-1831), an American Revolutionary War patriot and founder of the American Antiquarian Society. Isaiah Bowman (1878-1950) was an American geographer and the fourth president of Johns Hopkins University.

Isaiah Berlin (1909-1997) was a renowned Russian-British philosopher and historian of ideas, known for his influential works on political theory and the concept of value pluralism. Isaiah Mustafa (born 1974) is an American actor and former NFL player, best recognized for his Old Spice commercials.

Another notable bearer of the name is Isaiah Rashad (born 1991), an American rapper and songwriter, who has gained recognition for his unique blend of Southern hip-hop and conscious lyricism.

While the name Isaiah has its roots in ancient Hebrew culture, it has transcended linguistic and cultural boundaries, becoming a popular choice across various ethnicities and religious backgrounds worldwide.