The name Jesse originates from the Hebrew language and culture. It first appeared around the 11th century BCE as a diminutive form of the Hebrew name Yishāy or Yishai, meaning "gift" or "Yahweh exists". The name is derived from the Hebrew root word "yesh", meaning "to be" or "to exist".

Jesse is a prominent name in the Bible, notably as the father of the famous King David in the Old Testament. The Book of Ruth and the Books of Samuel mention Jesse as a resident of Bethlehem and a descendant of the tribe of Judah. This biblical figure is considered an important ancestor of Jesus Christ in the genealogical accounts found in the New Testament.

One of the earliest recorded examples of the name Jesse dates back to the 9th century BCE, when it was found inscribed on a potsherd from the ancient city of Lachish in present-day Israel. This archaeological evidence suggests that the name was in use among the Israelites during this period.

Throughout history, several notable individuals have borne the name Jesse. One of the most famous was Jesse James (1847-1882), the American outlaw and former Confederate guerrilla who led a gang of outlaws in the American Old West. Another was Jesse Owens (1913-1980), the renowned African American track and field athlete who won four gold medals at the 1936 Berlin Olympics.

Jesse Norman (1962-), a British philosopher and politician, served as a Minister for Industry and Energy in the UK government. Jesse Ventura (1951-) is an American politician, actor, and former professional wrestler who served as the 38th Governor of Minnesota from 1999 to 2003. Jesse L. Brown (1926-1950) was a pioneering African American naval aviator who served in the United States Navy during World War II and the Korean War.

The name Jesse has been popular across various cultures and time periods, reflecting its biblical roots and historical significance. Its meaning of "gift" or "Yahweh exists" has contributed to its enduring appeal as a first name throughout the centuries.