The name Josephine originated from the Hebrew name Joseph, which means "he will add" or "he will increase." It is the feminine form of the male name Joseph and was first used in the early Christian era.

The name Josephine gained popularity in France during the 17th and 18th centuries. It was particularly favored by the French nobility and was borne by several notable historical figures, including Josephine Bonaparte (1763-1814), the first wife of Napoleon.

In ancient times, the name Joseph was mentioned in the Book of Genesis in the Bible. Joseph was the son of Jacob and Rachel, and he became an influential figure in Egypt. The name Josephine may have been derived from this biblical reference.

One of the earliest recorded examples of the name Josephine was Josephine of Lorraine (1753-1797), who was the wife of King Leopold II of the Holy Roman Empire. Another notable figure was Josephine de Beauharnais (1763-1814), who became the first wife of Napoleon Bonaparte and was crowned Empress of France in 1804.

Other famous historical figures named Josephine include Josephine Baker (1906-1975), an American-born French dancer, singer, and actress who was a leading figure in the Harlem Renaissance; Josephine Tey (1896-1952), a Scottish author best known for her mystery novels; and Josephine Ruffin (1842-1924), an American publisher, journalist, and activist for women's rights and civil rights.

During the 19th century, the name Josephine gained widespread popularity across Europe and North America, and it has remained a popular choice for baby girls in many countries. The name has also been used in various forms and spellings, such as Josefina, Giuseppina, and Josefine, reflecting its cultural adaptations.