The name Kemper is of Germanic origin, derived from the Old German word "Kamb," meaning "comb" or "ridge." It is believed to have originated as a surname during the Middle Ages, likely referring to someone who lived near a prominent ridge or someone who worked with combs or was involved in the textile industry.

The earliest recorded use of the name Kemper dates back to the 9th century, when it appeared in various Germanic regions such as Germany, the Netherlands, and Belgium. In the following centuries, the name spread to other parts of Europe and eventually made its way to the Americas through immigration.

One of the earliest notable individuals with the name Kemper was Reinier Kemper, a Dutch theologian and philosopher who lived from 1576 to 1638. He was a prominent figure in the Dutch Reformed Church and wrote several influential works on theology and philosophy.

Another historical figure with the name Kemper was Johann Kemper, a German composer and organist who lived from 1595 to 1682. He is known for his contributions to the development of the North German organ school and his compositions for organ and choral music.

In the 19th century, Reuben Eber Kemper (1804-1884) was a prominent American businessman and banker. He founded the Kemper Financial Companies, which became one of the largest insurance companies in the United States.

James Lawson Kemper (1823-1895) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 37th Governor of Virginia from 1874 to 1878. He played a significant role in the post-Civil War reconstruction efforts in Virginia.

More recently, Jayne Anne Phillips (born 1952), an American novelist and short story writer, was born with the name Jayne Anne Kemper. She is known for her works exploring themes of family, relationships, and the complexities of human experiences.

Throughout its history, the name Kemper has been associated with individuals from various walks of life, including theologians, composers, businessmen, politicians, and writers. While its origins can be traced back to Germanic roots, the name has gained a broader international presence over time.