The name Lorenza is of Italian origin, derived from the Latin name Laurentius, which means "from Laurentum." Laurentum was an ancient city in Italy, near Rome. The name Laurentius was likely originally a surname referring to someone who lived in or came from Laurentum.

In ancient Rome, Laurentius was a relatively common name. One of the earliest recorded instances is Saint Laurentius, a deacon of the Christian Church in Rome, who was martyred in 258 AD during the persecution of Christians under the Roman emperor Valerian.

The feminine form of the name, Lorenza, emerged in the Middle Ages. One of the earliest notable people with this name was Lorenza di Medici (1443-1503), an Italian noblewoman from the powerful Medici family of Florence.

Another famous Lorenza in history was Lorenza da Ponte (1499-1569), an Italian artist and painter from Venice. She was one of the few female artists of the Renaissance period who achieved recognition during her lifetime.

In the 16th century, Lorenza Strozzi (1515-1591) was an Italian poet and writer from Florence. She was highly educated and part of the intellectual circles of her time, corresponding with notable figures like Michelangelo.

Moving to the 17th century, Lorenza Bernini (1598-1625) was the daughter of the famous Italian sculptor and architect Gian Lorenzo Bernini. She was a painter and artist in her own right.

In the 19th century, Lorenza Feliciani (1836-1926) was an Italian painter and sculptor from Rome. She is known for her sculptures of religious subjects and portraits.