The name Luisa has its origins in the German language, derived from the ancient Germanic name Chlodovicus or Hlodovikus. It is a feminine form of the masculine name Louis, which means "renowned warrior" or "famous in battle." The name has been in use since the Middle Ages and was particularly popular among the nobility and royalty of Europe.

In the 9th century, the name was borne by Luisa of Saxony, a Benedictine nun and abbess who played a significant role in the spread of Christianity in Germany. She is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church.

During the Renaissance, the name gained popularity in Italy, where it was often spelled as Luisa or Louisa. One of the most notable bearers of the name from this period was Luisa de Guzmán (1613-1666), a Spanish courtier and mistress of King Philip IV of Spain.

In the 18th century, the name was favored by the ruling houses of Europe. Luisa of Parma (1751-1819) was a Spanish infanta and the wife of the future King Charles IV of Spain. Her daughter, Luisa Carlota de Borbón (1777-1838), was the first wife of the Portuguese King Dom João VI.

The 19th century saw the name gain popularity in literature and the arts. Luisa Todi (1753-1833) was an Italian opera singer renowned for her vocal abilities and stage presence. Luisa Valenzuela (1938-2023) was an influential Argentine writer and author of novels and short stories.

Other notable historical figures with the name Luisa include Luisa Capetillo (1879-1922), a Puerto Rican labor leader and activist for women's rights, and Luisa Tetrazzini (1871-1940), an Italian coloratura soprano who was one of the most celebrated operatic singers of her time.