The name Martel is derived from the Latin word "martellus," which means "hammer." It originated in medieval France and was associated with the Carolingian dynasty.

The name gained widespread fame and recognition due to Charles Martel, a Frankish military leader and statesman who lived from 688 to 741 AD. He is renowned for his victory over the Umayyad Caliphate at the Battle of Tours in 732, which halted the Muslim invasion of Western Europe. His achievement earned him the epithet "Martel," meaning "the Hammer," for his decisive role in crushing the enemy forces.

Martel was a popular name among the Frankish nobility during the Middle Ages, particularly in the regions of modern-day France and parts of Germany. It carried connotations of strength, resilience, and military prowess, reflecting the legacy of Charles Martel's historic triumph.

One notable bearer of the name was Geoffroi Martel (c. 1006-1060), Count of Anjou, who was a powerful and influential figure in medieval France. Another was Geoffroi II Martel (c. 1065-1109), Count of Vendôme, who played a significant role in the Crusades and the affairs of the French monarchy.

During the Renaissance period, the name Martel gained popularity beyond the borders of France. Erasmus Martel (1474-1536), a German humanist and scholar, was a prominent figure of the Northern Renaissance and a leading figure in the Reform movement.

In more recent times, the name Martel has been carried by several notable individuals, such as Claude Martel (1920-2012), a French actor known for his roles in numerous films and television series. Another bearer of the name was Jacques Martel (1922-2006), a Canadian politician and lawyer who served as a member of the House of Commons of Canada.