The name Matheus has its origins in the Greek language, with the root name being Maththaios. This name is derived from the Hebrew name Mattithyahu, which means "gift of God." The name was prevalent in ancient times, particularly in the Middle East and Mediterranean regions.

Matheus is a variant spelling of the more common name Matthew, which is found in the New Testament of the Bible. One of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ was named Matthew, who was a tax collector before becoming a disciple. This biblical reference contributed to the widespread use of the name among early Christians.

In the 1st century AD, a Greek philosopher and mathematician named Matheus of Bithynia lived during the Roman Empire. He is known for his contributions to the field of mathematics and for his work on the study of prime numbers.

During the Middle Ages, Saint Matheus was a 9th-century Benedictine monk and abbot of the monastery of San Vincenzo al Volturno in present-day Italy. He is revered as a saint in the Catholic Church, and his feast day is celebrated on September 16th.

In the 15th century, Matheus de Cracovia, also known as Matthew of Cracow, was a Polish philosopher, mathematician, and logician. He made significant contributions to the development of logic and is considered one of the most important thinkers of the Late Medieval period.

Fast forward to the 19th century, Matheus Ferreira Nobre was a Brazilian military officer and politician who served as the President of Brazil for a brief period in 1910.

Another notable bearer of the name Matheus was Matheus Fritzsch, a German-born American chemist and inventor who lived from 1819 to 1878. He is best known for his work on the development of photographic processes and his contributions to the field of photochemistry.

These examples illustrate the rich history and diverse cultural backgrounds associated with the name Matheus, spanning various disciplines, including religion, philosophy, mathematics, politics, and science.