The name Maude is derived from the Germanic name Mahthildis, which is composed of the elements "maht" meaning "might" or "strength" and "hild" meaning "battle." It has its origins in the Old French form Mahaut or Maholt.

The earliest recorded use of the name Maude can be traced back to the Middle Ages. It became popular in England and France during this time, particularly among the nobility. One of the earliest notable bearers of the name was Maude, Countess of Huntingdon (c. 1074-1130), daughter of King Henry I of England.

In the 12th century, the name gained further prominence when Matilda (also known as Maude) of England (1102-1167), daughter of King Henry I, engaged in a long-running dispute over the English throne with her cousin, Stephen of Blois. This conflict, known as "The Anarchy," lasted from 1135 to 1153.

Another historical figure with the name Maude was Matilda of Boulogne (c. 1105-1152), wife of King Stephen of England. She played a significant role in the conflict between her husband and her cousin, Matilda of England, over the English throne.

In the 13th century, Maude de Braose (c. 1224-1301) was a Welsh noblewoman who was imprisoned by King Edward I for her involvement in a baronial revolt against him.

During the Renaissance period, Maude de Mortimer (c. 1284-1345) was an English noblewoman who was briefly married to Theobald de Verdun, a powerful baron in medieval England.

Over the centuries, the name Maude has been borne by various other notable individuals, including Maude Adams (1872-1953), an American actress renowned for her portrayal of Peter Pan on Broadway, and Maude Fealy (1883-1971), an American stage and film actress.