The name Olga has its origins in the Old Norse language and is derived from the word "Helga", which means "holy" or "blessed". It was a popular name among the Vikings and was later adopted by the Slavic populations of Eastern Europe.

In the 10th century, the name Olga gained prominence when it was borne by the Grand Princess of Kievan Rus, Olga of Kiev (c. 890-969). She was the first ruler of Kievan Rus to convert to Christianity and is revered as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church.

The name Olga is also mentioned in the Russian Primary Chronicle, a historical record of the early East Slavic state. It recounts the life of Princess Olga and her role in the Christianization of Kievan Rus.

One of the earliest recorded examples of the name Olga can be found in the Icelandic Sagas, where it appears as Helga. It was a common name among the Norse and Viking settlers in Iceland and Scandinavia.

Throughout history, several notable individuals have borne the name Olga, including Olga Konstantinovna Romanova (1851-1926), a Russian Grand Duchess and the youngest daughter of Tsar Nicholas I. Another famous Olga was Olga Nikolaevna Romanova (1895-1918), the youngest daughter of Tsar Nicholas II, who was executed along with her family during the Russian Revolution.

In the arts, Olga Knipper-Chekhova (1868-1959) was a celebrated Russian actress and the wife of the playwright Anton Chekhov. Olga Picasso (1889-1955) was a Russian-born French painter and the first wife of the renowned artist Pablo Picasso.

Olga Rudge (1895-1996) was an American violinist and the longtime companion of the composer Ezra Pound. Olga Lepeshinskaya (1916-2008) was a prominent Soviet ballerina and choreographer who helped shape the Soviet ballet tradition.