Persephone is a feminine name of Greek origin, derived from the ancient Greek goddess Persephonē. It is composed of the elements "persē" meaning "to destroy" and "phonē" meaning "murder" or "killing". The name is associated with the Greek myth of Persephone, the daughter of Zeus and Demeter who was abducted by Hades to become the queen of the underworld.

The name Persephone first appeared in ancient Greek literature, most notably in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, which dates back to around the 7th century BCE. This hymn tells the story of Persephone's abduction and her mother Demeter's search for her. The myth of Persephone was central to the Eleusinian Mysteries, a religious cult in ancient Greece that celebrated the cycle of life, death, and rebirth.

One of the earliest recorded individuals with the name Persephone was a Syracusan woman who lived in the 5th century BCE. She was the wife of the tyrant Gelon of Syracuse and was known for her beauty and intelligence. Another notable bearer of the name was Persephone, the daughter of the Macedonian king Philip II and Olympias, who lived in the 4th century BCE.

In the Middle Ages, the name Persephone was relatively rare, but it experienced a revival during the Renaissance period when interest in classical mythology increased. One of the most famous bearers of the name during this time was Persephone Bacon (1610-1657), an English poet and writer who was the wife of the philosopher and statesman Sir Nathaniel Bacon.

In the 19th century, the name Persephone became more popular, particularly among intellectuals and artists who were inspired by classical Greek culture. One notable bearer was Persephone Nightingale (1823-1891), an English writer and traveler who was the sister of the famous nurse Florence Nightingale. Another was Persephone Swinburne (1855-1927), an English artist and muse who was the daughter of the poet Algernon Charles Swinburne.

In the 20th century, the name Persephone continued to be used, although it remained relatively uncommon. One notable bearer was Persephone Abbott (1920-2008), an American artist and educator who was known for her abstract expressionist paintings. Another was Persephone Gilliam (1888-1975), an American suffragist and civil rights activist who worked to promote women's rights and racial equality.