The name Petra is derived from the Greek word "petra," which means "rock" or "stone." It has its origins in ancient Greece, where it was used as a feminine given name.

The earliest recorded use of the name Petra dates back to the 4th century BC, when it appeared in Greek historical texts and inscriptions. It was also used in the New Testament of the Bible as the name of an ancient city in present-day Jordan, known for its remarkable rock-cut architecture.

In the early Christian era, Petra became a popular name among the followers of the Christian faith. It was often given to girls in honor of St. Petra, a 3rd-century martyr who was executed for her beliefs during the Roman persecution of Christians.

One of the earliest notable figures with the name Petra was Petra of Constantinople, a 5th-century Byzantine empress who was the wife of Emperor Leo I. She played a significant role in shaping the religious and political landscape of the Byzantine Empire.

Another famous bearer of the name was Petra Delicado, a 16th-century Spanish feminist and writer who challenged traditional gender roles and advocated for women's rights in her works.

In the 18th century, Petra Jacoba Ido was a Dutch poet and writer who was known for her innovative style and bold themes. She was celebrated for her contributions to Dutch literature.

During the 20th century, Petra Kelly, a German politician and activist, gained prominence as a co-founder of the Green Party in Germany. She was a pioneering figure in the environmental and peace movements and was born in 1947.

More recently, Petra Kvitova, a professional tennis player from the Czech Republic, has achieved international fame for her success on the court. Born in 1990, she has won multiple Grand Slam titles and has been ranked among the top players in the world.