The name Rodrigo originated from the Visigothic roots "rod" meaning "famous" and "ric" meaning "powerful" or "ruler". It emerged in medieval Spain and Portugal during the 8th to 11th centuries when the Visigoths ruled parts of the Iberian Peninsula. The name was initially spelled as "Roderico" in its Latin form.

One of the earliest recorded individuals with this name was Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, a Castilian knight and military leader born in 1043. He is better known as El Cid, a national hero in Spain for his military exploits against the Moors. His life and deeds were documented in the epic poem "El Cantar de Mio Cid" composed around 1200.

Another prominent figure was Rodrigo Borgia, an Italian Renaissance ecclesiastic who became Pope Alexander VI in 1492. He was a controversial pope known for his secular ambitions and nepotism. His reign was marked by political intrigues and scandals, including accusations of immorality and corruption.

In the 16th century, Rodrigo Calderón was a Spanish courtier and favorite of King Philip III. He served as Secretary of State and rose to become the Count of Oliva before falling out of favor and being executed in 1621 for alleged crimes and misuse of power.

The name Rodrigo also appeared in literature, such as in the works of Spanish playwright Lope de Vega. One of his plays, "El mejor alcalde, el rey" (The Best Mayor, the King), featured a character named Rodrigo Viejo who becomes the mayor of a town and upholds justice.

In the 19th century, Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar y Mendoza was a Spanish nobleman and military officer who fought against Napoleon's forces during the Peninsular War. He was made the Count of Valencia de Don Juan for his services.

These are just a few examples of notable individuals with the name Rodrigo throughout history, highlighting its Iberian origins and use by various prominent figures in different fields, including military, religious, and literary spheres.