The given name Rosendo originated from the Spanish language and culture. It is derived from the Latin name Rodesindus, which itself stems from the Germanic elements "hrod" meaning "fame" and "sinda" meaning "path." The name can be traced back to the Middle Ages in Spain and Portugal.

One of the earliest recorded bearers of the name was Rosendo Gutiérrez, a 9th-century Spanish nobleman and military leader who played a crucial role in the Reconquista efforts against the Moors. He founded the Monastery of Celanova in Galicia and was later venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church.

In the 12th century, Rosendo Rodríguez was a prominent poet and troubadour from the Kingdom of León. His works, which were written in the Galician-Portuguese language, are considered among the earliest examples of medieval lyric poetry on the Iberian Peninsula.

During the Renaissance period, Rosendo Aldana (1499-1568) was a Spanish Humanist scholar and poet. He was a member of the literary circle known as the Sevillian Poets and is remembered for his influential writings on classical literature and philosophy.

In the 19th century, Rosendo Arnaiz (1840-1900) was a Spanish military officer and politician who served as the Mayor of Barcelona from 1889 to 1890. He played a significant role in the development of the city's infrastructure and urban planning during this period.

Another notable figure was Rosendo Radilla (1915-1988), a Mexican actor and comedian who appeared in numerous films and television shows throughout the mid-20th century. He was renowned for his comedic talents and his ability to portray a wide range of characters.