The name Roxanne has its origins in the Persian language, deriving from the word "روشن" (Roshana), which means "bright" or "shining." It emerged during the late antiquity period, around the 3rd to 7th centuries AD, in the region that is now modern-day Iran.

The name gained popularity in Europe during the Middle Ages, particularly in France, where it was influenced by the French word "roux," meaning "red-haired." This association with red hair and brightness contributed to the name's enduring appeal.

One of the earliest recorded instances of the name Roxanne can be found in the 12th-century French epic poem "Roman de la Rose," where it is used as the name of a character. This literary work played a significant role in popularizing the name across Europe.

Throughout history, several notable figures have borne the name Roxanne. One of the earliest examples is Roxanne of Persia (300 BC – 311 BC), a Bactrian princess and the wife of Alexander the Great. Her marriage to Alexander helped solidify his control over the Persian territories.

Another prominent figure is Roxanne Félix (1786 – 1842), a French dancer and actress who achieved fame during the early 19th century. She was renowned for her performances in various operas and ballets and was celebrated for her grace and beauty.

In the world of literature, Roxanne Buchze (1883 – 1946) was a prolific Dutch writer and poet. She is best known for her contributions to the poetry movement known as the "Tachtigers," which sought to modernize Dutch literature.

The name Roxanne has also been associated with several influential musicians. Roxanne Shanté (born 1969) is an American rapper and hip-hop pioneer, widely regarded as one of the most influential female rappers of the 1980s. Her battle with fellow rapper Roxanne Shante (born 1964) is considered a pivotal moment in the history of hip-hop.

Roxanne Toudouze (born 1963) is a French singer-songwriter and actress who achieved significant success in the 1980s and 1990s with her unique blend of pop, rock, and folk music.