The name Rufus has its origins in ancient Rome, derived from the Latin word "rufus" meaning "red-haired" or "ruddy complexioned". It was a common nickname or cognomen used to distinguish individuals with reddish hair or a reddish complexion.

In Roman times, Rufus was a name often given to slaves or freedmen. One of the earliest recorded references is found in the New Testament, where a man named Rufus is mentioned in the Epistle to the Romans (Romans 16:13). It is believed that this Rufus may have been the son of Simon of Cyrene, who was compelled to carry Jesus' cross.

One of the most notable historical figures with the name Rufus was Quintus Curtius Rufus, a Roman historian who lived in the 1st century AD. He is best known for his work "Historiae Alexandri Magni", a biography of Alexander the Great.

In the 4th century AD, Rufus of Aquitaine was a Christian poet and grammarian who wrote a poetic history of the Old Testament.

During the Middle Ages, the name Rufus was relatively common in England. One of the most famous bearers was William II, also known as William Rufus, who was the third son of William the Conqueror and ruled as King of England from 1087 to 1100.

In the 16th century, Rufus Festus Avienus was a Roman poet and scholar who translated the work of Aratus and Dionysius into Latin verse.

Another notable figure was Rufus Jones (1863-1948), an American writer, philosopher, and professor who was a prominent leader in the Quaker movement and an advocate for social reform.

Throughout history, the name Rufus has been borne by various individuals across different cultures and professions, from poets and writers to kings and religious figures. Its connection to reddish hair or complexion has made it a distinctive and memorable name with a rich heritage.