The name Sabina has its origins in the Latin language and ancient Roman culture. It is derived from the root word "Sabinus", which referred to an ancient Italic tribe that lived in central Italy. The name carries associations with the Sabine region and the city of Sabina, located near modern-day Rieti.

In ancient Roman mythology, the Sabine women played a significant role in the legendary "Rape of the Sabine Women" incident, which helped establish the Roman population through intermarriage between the Romans and the Sabines. This historical event likely contributed to the popularity of the name Sabina among the Romans.

One of the earliest recorded instances of the name Sabina dates back to the 1st century AD, when it was borne by Sabina, the wife of the Roman Emperor Hadrian. She was known for her beauty, intelligence, and influence during her husband's reign.

Throughout history, several notable women have carried the name Sabina. In the 4th century AD, Sabina was the name of a Roman martyr and saint who was persecuted for her Christian faith during the rule of Emperor Vespasian. Her feast day is celebrated on August 29th in the Catholic Church.

In the 16th century, Sabina von Bayern was a German princess and duchess, born in 1492. She played a significant role in the promotion of the Protestant Reformation in her territories.

During the Renaissance period, Sabina Poppaea was an influential Roman empress and the second wife of Emperor Nero. She was known for her beauty and was a patron of the arts.

In the 19th century, Sabina Altariba y Vallès was a Spanish composer and pianist, born in 1828. She was one of the first female composers to achieve recognition in Spain during her lifetime.

Another famous bearer of the name was Sabina Spielrein, a Russian psychoanalyst and physician, born in 1885. She made significant contributions to the field of psychoanalysis and had a profound influence on the work of Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud.