The name Sabine originated from the Sabines, an ancient Italic people who inhabited the central Apennine region of ancient Italy, located in what is now the regions of Lazio, Umbria, and Abruzzo. The name is believed to derive from the Sabine word "sabina," which referred to their own language or dialect. This name has been in use since ancient Roman times, dating back to the 8th century BC.

The Sabines played a significant role in Roman mythology, particularly in the legend of the Rape of the Sabine Women. According to this story, the early Romans abducted Sabine women to provide wives for their men, leading to a conflict that eventually resulted in the integration of the Sabines into Roman society.

One of the earliest recorded examples of the name Sabine comes from the Roman poet Ovid, who mentioned a character named Sabine in his work "Metamorphoses" (8 AD). Another early reference is found in the writings of the Roman historian Livy, who chronicled the conflict between the Romans and the Sabines.

Throughout history, several notable individuals have borne the name Sabine. One of the most famous was Sabine of Bavaria (1492-1564), a German princess who married Duke Ulrich of Württemberg and played a significant role in the Reformation. Another notable Sabine was Sabine Schmitz (1969-2021), a German professional racing driver and television personality, known for her appearances on the BBC's "Top Gear."

Other notable individuals with the name Sabine include Sabine Baring-Gould (1834-1924), an English Anglican priest, hagiographer, antiquarian, novelist, and eclectic scholar; Sabine Lisicki (born 1989), a German professional tennis player; and Sabine Schmitz (1964-2022), a German race car driver and television personality.

The name Sabine has been used throughout various cultures and time periods, reflecting its ancient Roman origins and the enduring influence of the Sabine people in history and mythology.