The name Syrianna is derived from the ancient Semitic language of Aramaic, which was widely spoken in the region of Syria during the first millennium BC. It is a feminine variant of the name Syrianus, which itself is derived from the Greek word "Syrios," meaning "Syrian." The earliest recorded use of the name Syrianna can be traced back to the 3rd century AD, when it was mentioned in a collection of Aramaic inscriptions found in the ancient city of Palmyra, located in present-day Syria.

One of the earliest known historical figures to bear the name Syrianna was a Christian martyr who lived in the 4th century AD. According to the records of the early Christian Church, Syrianna was a young woman from Antioch (modern-day Antakya, Turkey) who was executed for her faith during the persecution of Christians under the Roman Emperor Diocletian. Her story is recounted in various early Christian writings, and she is venerated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Churches.

Another notable figure named Syrianna was a 6th-century Byzantine abbess who founded a convent in Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, Turkey). Little is known about her life, but she is mentioned in several historical chronicles of the Byzantine Empire and is believed to have been influential in the religious and cultural life of the city during her time.

In the 9th century, a woman named Syrianna was a renowned scholar and poet who lived in the Abbasid Caliphate, which was centered in present-day Iraq. She is particularly known for her contributions to the field of Arabic literature, and several of her poems have been preserved in various anthologies from that era.

During the Middle Ages, the name Syrianna was also borne by a French noblewoman who lived in the 12th century. She was the daughter of a prominent nobleman and is mentioned in several historical records from that time, though little else is known about her life or achievements.

Throughout history, the name Syrianna has remained relatively rare, but it has been used by a handful of notable individuals, including a 19th-century Russian painter and a 20th-century American author and activist. While not a common name today, it continues to be used in various parts of the world, particularly in regions with historical ties to the ancient Semitic cultures of the Middle East.