The name Vaidehi originates from Sanskrit, an ancient Indo-Aryan language that arose in the Indian subcontinent around the 2nd millennium BCE. It is a feminine name derived from the Sanskrit word "Videha," which refers to an ancient kingdom located in present-day Bihar, India.

In Hindu mythology, Vaidehi is associated with the character Sita, the beloved wife of Lord Rama and the central figure in the revered Hindu epic Ramayana. Sita is often referred to as "Vaidehi" in the Ramayana, as she was the princess of the Videha kingdom.

One of the earliest recorded instances of the name Vaidehi can be found in the Valmiki Ramayana, an ancient Sanskrit poem dating back to around the 5th century BCE to 1st century BCE. In this epic, Sita is revered as an embodiment of purity, devotion, and righteousness, and her name Vaidehi has become synonymous with these virtues.

Throughout history, several notable figures have borne the name Vaidehi. Among them is Vaidehi Devi (1555–1631), a prominent queen and poetess from the Mughal era in India. She was the wife of Raja Man Singh I, a renowned military commander and courtier of the Mughal Emperor Akbar.

Another notable Vaidehi was Vaidehi Narain Singh (1915–1994), an Indian educator and social reformer. She played a crucial role in promoting women's education and empowerment in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.

In ancient Buddhist literature, Vaidehi is also mentioned as the name of a virtuous queen who attained enlightenment and became an arhat (a perfected being) in one of her past lives.

Other notable figures with the name Vaidehi include Vaidehi Tandan (born 1945), an Indian classical singer and Padma Shri awardee, and Vaidehi Parashurampuria (born 1974), an Indian writer and journalist known for her works in Marathi literature.

The name Vaidehi holds significant cultural and historical significance in Indian traditions, representing virtues such as purity, devotion, and righteousness, as exemplified by the revered character of Sita in the Ramayana.