Wilhelmina is a Germanic name derived from the Old German words "wil" meaning "will" or "desire" and "helm" meaning "helmet" or "protection". The name essentially translates to "resolute protector" or "tenacious guardian". It originated in the 8th century AD among the Frankish tribes of modern-day Germany and the Netherlands.

The earliest recorded use of the name dates back to the 9th century, when a Frankish noblewoman named Wilhelmina of Geertruidenberg lived in the Duchy of Brabant. She was known for her piety and founded several churches and monasteries in the region.

In the 12th century, Wilhelmina of Thuringia, a German countess and religious leader, was instrumental in the spread of Christianity in central Europe. She established several convents and is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church.

During the Renaissance, Wilhelmina of Bavaria (1490-1558) was a prominent figure. She was the Duchess of Bavaria and a patron of the arts, commissioning numerous works of art and architecture.

In the 17th century, Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1673-1742) was a highly influential figure in German politics and culture. She was the regent of the Principality of Calenberg and played a significant role in the development of the city of Hannover.

Another notable bearer of the name was Wilhelmina of Prussia (1751-1820), the Princess of Prussia and an influential writer and philosopher. She was a prominent figure in the Enlightenment movement and corresponded with many of the leading thinkers of her time.