The name Zephaniah has its origins in ancient Hebrew, derived from the elements "tsaphan" meaning "to hide" or "to treasure", and "Yah" which is a shortened form of the Hebrew name for God. It roughly translates to "hidden by the Lord" or "treasured by God". The name dates back to the 7th century BCE, originating in the ancient Kingdom of Judah.

One of the earliest recorded references to the name Zephaniah comes from the Book of Zephaniah in the Hebrew Bible, also known as the Old Testament. Zephaniah was a prophet who lived in Jerusalem during the reign of King Josiah and delivered prophecies about the coming Day of the Lord. His book is a collection of his teachings, warnings, and apocalyptic visions.

The name Zephaniah has been used throughout history by various individuals, including Zephaniah, son of Maaseiah, mentioned in the Book of Jeremiah as one of the officials who read the scroll containing Jeremiah's prophecies. Another notable bearer of the name was Zephaniah, a leader of the Korahites who returned to Jerusalem after the Babylonian exile, as recorded in the Book of Nehemiah.

One of the earliest known individuals named Zephaniah was a 9th century BCE prince and son of King Cush of Ethiopia, mentioned in the Book of Jeremiah. In the 16th century, Zephaniah Crespin was a Protestant reformer and martyr who was burned at the stake in France for his religious beliefs. Zephaniah Swift was an American lawyer, author, and legislator in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, known for his legal writings and work in codifying Connecticut's laws.

In the 19th century, Zephaniah Turner was an English cricketer who played for Hampshire and became a renowned coach and umpire. Zephaniah Kingsley was an influential plantation owner, businessman, and writer in Florida during the early 19th century, known for his advocacy of gradual emancipation and his relationships with women of African descent.

While the name Zephaniah has biblical and ancient roots, it has been used across various cultures and religions over time, reflecting its enduring appeal and timeless quality.