The given name Zoe has its origins in the Greek language, dating back to ancient times. It is derived from the Greek word "zoe," which means "life." The name's earliest recorded use can be traced back to classical Greece, where it was a popular choice for baby girls.

In Greek mythology, Zoe was one of the four primordial deities representing life, along with Geras (old age), Thanatos (death), and Hypnos (sleep). This association with the concept of life contributed to the name's positive connotations and enduring popularity.

One of the earliest known historical figures bearing the name Zoe was Zoe Karbonopsina, a Byzantine empress who reigned alongside her husband, Leo VI, from 886 to 912 AD. She played a significant role in the administration of the Byzantine Empire and is remembered for her political acumen.

Another notable Zoe from ancient times was Zoe Porphyrogenita, a Byzantine princess and daughter of Emperor Constantine VIII. She lived from around 978 to 1050 AD and was known for her intelligence and influence in the imperial court.

During the Renaissance period, the name Zoe gained popularity among European nobility. One example is Zoe Paleologina, a Byzantine princess who married Ivan III, Grand Prince of Moscow, in 1472. This marriage helped establish cultural and political ties between the Byzantine Empire and Russia.

In the 19th century, the name Zoe was used by several writers and artists, including Zoe Akins, an American playwright and novelist born in 1886. She is best known for her Pulitzer Prize-winning play, "The Old Maid," which premiered in 1935.

Another notable figure from the 19th century was Zoe Trope, a British-born Australian artist and painter who lived from 1892 to 1964. She was known for her vibrant and expressive depictions of the Australian landscape and was a prominent figure in the development of Australian modernist art.

As the name Zoe transitioned into the 20th century, it continued to gain popularity, particularly in English-speaking countries. One prominent example is Zoe Caldwell, an Australian-American actress born in 1933. She won four Tony Awards for her performances on Broadway and was renowned for her versatility and powerful stage presence.