The surname Flage traces its origin to medieval Europe, with strong indications pointing toward its roots in France or the Franco-German border region. The exact period of its first emergence is difficult to pinpoint, but it is believed to have originated around the 12th to 13th centuries. The name likely derived from Old French or Middle High German, specifically from words related to "flag" or "flage," which could imply a flag-bearer or someone who lived by a flagged area or a landmark.

One of the earliest references to the surname Flage can be found in a 13th-century French manuscript, wherein a Guillaume de Flage was mentioned as a knight in the service of a regional lord. This document provided one of the earliest recorded instances of the surname, suggesting that it was already established within a certain social class at that time. Guillaume de Flage's presence at various courtly events between 1240 and 1260 places the name firmly within medieval noble circles.

In Germany, records from the early 14th century mention a Heinrich Flage as a merchant in the town of Speyer. Heinrich was documented in town ledgers and several trade agreements dated around 1320. The presence of the surname in this region reinforces the notion that the name might have Franco-Germanic origins and was associated with individuals who played significant roles in their local economies or governance.

In the 17th century, the name is noted in British Isles records, particularly in Scotland, where it appeared in several tax documents and land grants. A notable figure during this period was Alexander Flage, born in 1625, who served as a minor official in the court of King Charles I. Alexander’s involvement in various political acts between 1645 and 1655 highlights the spread of the surname into British territories, possibly through mercantile or political connections.

By the 18th century, the surname had surfaced in colonial records in North America. A prominent individual with this surname was Jean-Baptiste Flage, born in 1703, who emigrated to New France, present-day Quebec, around 1725. Jean-Baptiste became a known figure in the fur trading business, and his interactions with indigenous tribes were well-documented in the colonial archives. His death in 1760 marked the end of a significant chapter for the surname in the New World.

Another notable figure in the 19th century was Ludwig Flage, born in 1820 in Baden, Germany. He was an influential political figure during the Revolutions of 1848. His writings advocating for democratic reforms were distributed widely, and he became a key player in the local uprising. Ludwig’s legacy continued through various documents and correspondences that were collected posthumously after his death in 1875.

Throughout history, the surname Flage has been linked to notable figures across different regions and time periods, indicating a rich tapestry of social and political engagements. The surname's journeys from feudal France and Germany to the courts of Britain and the frontiers of North America highlight its widespread influence and enduring legacy.