The surname Sinson finds its origins in the British Isles, likely emerging during the early Middle Ages, with its roots traceable to the Anglo-Saxon period. The name is believed to be a patronymic derivative, originating as a variation of the name Simson, which itself means "son of Simon." Simon is a common personal name derived from the Hebrew name Shimon, which means "to hear" or "one who hears."

Research into the surname Sinson suggests its primary regions of origin include England and Scotland. Documented appearances of similar names date back to early English records, such as the Domesday Book of 1086, although the specific spelling Sinson does not appear in this ancient manuscript. Instead, variations like Simson or Simmesson were more common.

One of the earliest recorded examples of a related surname occurs in the English subsidy rolls from the 13th and 14th centuries. For instance, a Willelmus Simson was recorded in the Yorkshire subsidy rolls in 1327. The evolution of Simson into Sinson can be attributed to regional dialects and variations in spelling, which were largely phonetic at the time.

Another notable historical reference is in the parish registers of St. Margaret's Church in Westminster, London, where a Thomas Sinson was recorded in the late 1500s. This suggests that the surname had established itself in various parts of England by the end of the 16th century.

In terms of geographical influences, place names like Simpson in Buckinghamshire and Simpson in Northumberland might have connections, although the exact link between the place names and the surname Sinson is not definitively established. These locations were sometimes referenced with varying spellings, including Simson and Simpsonn, further complicating the historical tracing of the surname.

Famous bearers of the surname include William Sinson, a merchant from the 17th century, whose trading activities were well-documented through various merchants' ledgers of the time. Mary Sinson, born in 1786 in Lancashire, was known for her extensive correspondence with prominent industrialists, offering a glimpse into the life of the early industrial age.

Other significant individuals with the surname include James Sinson, a noted clergyman in Scotland during the early 19th century, whose sermons and writings contributed to the religious discourse of the time. Another important figure was Edward Sinson, a notable figure in the British naval records of the late 18th century, recognized for his service during the Napoleonic Wars.

By the mid-19th century, the surname appears in various legal documents, such as marriage licenses and property deeds. For example, a John Sinson is noted in the 1851 census records of Liverpool, indicating the spread and establishment of the surname in urban centers of England. The consistent appearance of the name in such records suggests a stable lineage that persisted through generations.