The surname "STOUP" has its origins in medieval England, emerging during the late 12th century. It is derived from the Old English word "stopp" or "stoup," which referred to a vessel or container used for holding liquids, particularly in religious ceremonies. This name was likely adopted as a surname by individuals who were involved in the production or maintenance of these vessels.

One of the earliest recorded instances of the name "STOUP" can be found in the Pipe Rolls of Northamptonshire from 1197, where a certain Richard Stoup is mentioned. The name also appears in various other medieval records, such as the Feet of Fines for Essex in 1271, where a John Stoup is listed.

During the 13th century, the name "STOUP" was particularly prevalent in the counties of Northamptonshire, Essex, and Suffolk, where it was often associated with certain local place names. For instance, in the village of Stowupland in Suffolk, the name was likely derived from the Old English words "stow" (meaning "holy place") and "upland" (meaning "upland area"), suggesting a connection between the surname and the location.

One notable bearer of the "STOUP" surname was Sir John Stoup, a prominent landowner and knight who lived in the early 14th century. Records indicate that he held substantial estates in Northamptonshire and served as a Member of Parliament for the county in 1324.

Another individual of historical significance was Robert Stoup, a renowned scholar and theologian who lived in the late 15th century. Born in Essex around 1450, he studied at the University of Cambridge and later became a fellow of Pembroke College. He wrote several influential works on theology and was highly regarded for his intellectual contributions.

In the 16th century, the name "STOUP" was also associated with the village of Stoupbatch in Shropshire, which likely derived its name from a combination of the Old English words "stopp" and "bæcc" (meaning "valley" or "stream"). This connection suggests that the surname may have originated from this particular location.

One notable figure from this era was Thomas Stoup, a successful merchant and landowner who lived in London during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. He was a member of the Worshipful Company of Haberdashers and is recorded as having owned several properties in the city.

During the 17th century, the name "STOUP" continued to be found in various parts of England, with bearers residing in counties such as Northamptonshire, Suffolk, and Oxfordshire. One notable individual from this period was William Stoup, a prominent lawyer and judge who served as a Justice of the Peace in Oxfordshire in the latter half of the century.