The surname Zollweg originated in Germany, likely in the medieval period. Zollweg is derived from the German words "Zoll," meaning "toll" or "duty," and "Weg," meaning "way" or "path." This name would have been given to someone who worked at or lived near a toll path or road where tolls were collected. The surname is most commonly associated with regions in southern Germany, such as Bavaria, where many trade routes required tolls during medieval times.

Old records and manuscripts provide insights into the use of the surname Zollweg. One of the earliest references is found in a historical document from the 14th century detailing individuals responsible for maintaining toll stations. An old spelling variant includes Zollwege, which also points to individuals or families involved in toll collection.

One of the earliest recorded examples of someone with this surname is Johann Zollweg, born in 1490 and documented in a municipal record in Nuremberg. He was noted to have worked in the toll collection office, substantiating the occupational origin of the name. Nuremberg, being a central hub for trade, frequently recorded the professions and contributions of its residents.

Moving forward into the 16th century, another notable individual is Heinrich Zollweg, born in 1534 and known for his role in local governance in a small Bavarian village. Heinrich's work mainly involved overseeing the toll operations on one of the main roads leading into the village, ensuring that trade and passage were regulated according to local laws.

In the late 17th century, records from 1682 cite Magdalena Zollweg from Augsburg, known for her involvement in the establishment of a charitable foundation aimed at aiding travelers who could not afford tolls. Her contributions were widely recognized, and her efforts added a philanthropic aspect to the otherwise transactional nature of the toll business.

Friedrich Zollweg, born in 1745, emerged as a significant figure in the mid-18th century. A historian and author, Friedrich wrote extensively on the history of toll roads in Germany, compiling lists of various Zollweg families and mapping out their contributions throughout the Holy Roman Empire. His works are still referenced by historians studying medieval and early modern German trade routes.

In the early 19th century, we find reference to Clara Zollweg, born in 1801, who played an essential role in the development of infrastructure in Baden-Württemberg. As an engineer, Clara pushed for the modernization of toll roads to accommodate the increasing horse-drawn traffic and later, the advent of railways. Her innovations had lasting impacts on the region's economic growth.